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生肖 · 4th of 12 Earthly Branch 卯 mǎo Yin · Wood

Tù
Year of the Rabbit · also called the Hare · 兔年 tùnián

Gentle, quick-witted and elegant: the fourth animal of the Chinese zodiac, and the sign of the year that begins on 8 February 2035.

Year of the Rabbit illustration: a white rabbit sits on a grassy hillside beneath a flowering osmanthus tree, gazing up at a full moon over misty mountains and a winding river
The Rabbit beneath golden osmanthus and a full autumn moon, the season of the Jade Rabbit legend. Original illustration © WillyChina.
Recent Rabbit years
2011 · 2023 · 2035
Next Rabbit year begins
8 February 2035
Fixed element
Wood (yin)
Best matches
Goat · Pig · Dog
Clashes with
Rooster
The Rabbit’s hours
5 am – 7 am (卯时 mǎoshí)
Check your sign

Are you a Rabbit?

The zodiac year doesn’t start on 1 January. It starts at Chinese New Year, which falls anywhere from 21 January to 20 February. So if you were born in January or February, your birth year alone can’t tell you your animal. Enter your full date of birth for the exact answer.

Every Year of the Rabbit, with exact dates

YearChinese nameElementBeginsEnds
1927丁卯 dīngmǎoFire Rabbit2 Feb 192722 Jan 1928
1939己卯 jǐmǎoEarth Rabbit19 Feb 19397 Feb 1940
1951辛卯 xīnmǎoMetal Rabbit6 Feb 195126 Jan 1952
1963癸卯 guǐmǎoWater Rabbit25 Jan 196312 Feb 1964
1975乙卯 yǐmǎoWood Rabbit11 Feb 197530 Jan 1976
1987丁卯 dīngmǎoFire Rabbit29 Jan 198716 Feb 1988
1999己卯 jǐmǎoEarth Rabbit16 Feb 19994 Feb 2000
2011辛卯 xīnmǎoMetal Rabbit3 Feb 201122 Jan 2012
2023癸卯 guǐmǎoWater Rabbit22 Jan 20239 Feb 2024
2035乙卯 yǐmǎoWood Rabbit8 Feb 203527 Jan 2036
2047丁卯 dīngmǎoFire Rabbit26 Jan 204713 Feb 2048

Dates follow the lunar calendar’s New Year, the convention used for the zodiac in everyday Chinese life. Some fortune-tellers instead start the year at 立春 (lìchūn, Start of Spring, around 4 February), so a few early-February birthdays get read differently. In 2035 the two fall four days apart: 立春 on 4 February, New Year on the 8th.

The character

How to write 兔, and the tail that became a dot

兔 (tù) is a picture of a rabbit, and the oldest forms make that plain: long ears at the top, a crouching body and a short tail. The Shuowen Jiezi, China’s first character dictionary, says it “pictures a crouching animal, with its tail behind”. That tail survives today as the little dot at the lower right, traditionally explained as the last trace of the drawing. Leave the dot off and you’ve written 免 (miǎn, “to avoid”), a different character with a different history.

8 strokes · the head first, then the two legs, with the tail dot last

3,000 years of 兔, in four steps

  1. Oracle bone form of 兔: a rabbit drawn upright in profile, with a pointed ear, an open eye, a curved back and a short tailOracle boneShang dynasty, c. 1250 BCE
  2. Bronze inscription form of 兔: a looped head with a long stroke for the ear, a rounded body and curving legsBronzeZhou dynasty, c. 1000 BCE
  3. Small seal script form of 兔: head and ear at the top, a curving body and legs, with the tail stroke at the lower rightSmall sealQin dynasty, 221 BCE
  4. 兔TodaySame in simplified and traditional

Ancient forms: public-domain drawings from the Ancient Chinese Characters project on Wikimedia Commons.

Six characters that grew from 兔

Most characters that contain 兔 borrow it for its sound. Two of the oldest, though, build their meaning from the rabbit’s nature: a rabbit that gets away, and a rabbit that can’t. Tap the speaker to hear each one.

逸yì · to escape; at easeThe walking radical 辶 plus 兔. The Shuowen explains it through the hare’s talent for slipping away: a rabbit on the run. The meaning later softened into ease, as in 安逸 ānyì, “comfortable, carefree”.meaning
冤yuān · wronged, injusticeA cover 冖 over 兔. The Shuowen pictures a rabbit trapped under a cover, unable to run: cornered and wronged. You’ll hear it in 冤枉 yuānwang, “to wrong someone”, the cry of every falsely accused hero in Chinese drama.meaning
菟tù · dodder (a climbing plant)Grass 艹 over 兔, which gives the sound tù. It names 菟丝子 tùsīzǐ, the dodder vine of traditional medicine. In the old word 於菟 (wūtú) from the ancient state of Chu, it was even part of a name for the tiger.sound
堍tù · approach of a bridgeEarth 土 beside 兔, which supplies the sound. It means the sloping ground where a bridge meets the bank, as in 桥堍 qiáotù. A rare character, but a clean example of how a sound component works.sound
馋chán · greedy for foodFood 饣 plus a sound element that began as 毚 (chán), which the Shuowen defines as a cunning hare, written with two rabbit-like animals. Simplification trimmed it to the single rabbit-like shape on the right. 嘴馋 zuǐchán means always fancying a snack.sound
搀chān · to help by the armThe hand radical 扌 plus the same rabbit-shaped sound element as 馋. 搀扶 chānfú is to support someone by the arm, as you might help a grandparent down the stairs.sound

Want the system behind cards like these? Read how Chinese characters actually work and the stroke order rules, then practise 兔 on the free writing practice board.

Lost in translation

Rabbit or hare?

Both, as far as Chinese is concerned. 兔 on its own covers rabbits and hares alike, and in everyday speech it usually takes the noun suffix 子 to become 兔子 (tùzi), just as 桌 becomes 桌子, “table”. The single syllable 兔 lives on in the zodiac, in idioms and in compound words. When speakers need to be precise, they add a word in front.

兔子

tùzi

Rabbit or hare, the everyday word.

野兔

yětù

Hare. Literally “wild 兔“, the long-legged animal of open fields.

小白兔

xiǎo báitù

Little white rabbit, the star of children’s songs.

玉兔

yùtù

The Jade Rabbit, who lives on the moon.

The distinction matters more in English than in Chinese. China’s wild 兔 are hares, while the pet rabbit descends from the European wild rabbit. That’s why older and British sources sometimes say “Year of the Hare”. We use “Rabbit”, the most common choice in English today.

As tradition tells it

The Rabbit personality

Zodiac personalities are folk tradition, not science, and Chinese people treat them much the way others treat star signs: half seriously, often with a smile. Still, the character traditionally given to people born in the Year of the Rabbit is remarkably consistent across almanacs. It’s the diplomat of the twelve: gentle, careful and quietly clever.

Gentle

wēnróu. Soft-spoken and kind. Rabbits are said to put people at ease and to hate a scene.

Quick-witted

jīling. Alert and nimble. The Art of War advises finishing a campaign “like an escaping hare”, the source of the idiom 动如脱兔, and Rabbits are said to think that fast.

Elegant

yōuyǎ. Refined taste, good manners and a feel for beautiful things, from clothes to a well-kept home.

Patient

yǒu nàixīn. Willing to wait for the right moment, and a careful listener in the meantime.

And the other side

Timid

dǎnxiǎo. Literally “small gall bladder”, the organ Chinese links to courage. Rabbits are said to shy away from risk.

Conflict-avoidant

ài táobì. Faced with a quarrel, a Rabbit would rather slip away than fight it out.

Reserved

nèixiàng. Slow to share what it really thinks, even with friends.

Conservative

bǎoshǒu. Fond of the familiar, and wary of big changes.

Lucky things, by tradition

Almanacs don’t fully agree on the Rabbit’s lucky charms, and we’d rather show you that than pretend otherwise. One surprise: 4, which most Chinese people avoid because 四 (sì) sounds like 死 (sǐ, death), appears as a Rabbit lucky number in every list we checked.

LuckyWhat the sources sayAgreement
Numbers3 and 4, and numbers made of them, such as 34 or 43; some lists add 6 or 9Agreed
ColoursRed, pink and purple everywhere, plus blue or grey depending on the almanacMostly
FlowersPlantain lily (hosta) in most lists, with jasmine, nerve plant or snapdragon depending on the sourceMostly
Numbers to avoid1, 7 and 8Agreed

Which Rabbit are you? The five elements

Every animal returns once every 12 years, but it pairs with each of the five elements only once every 60. So a 1975 Rabbit and a 2035 Rabbit share both animal and element: both are Wood Rabbits.

乙卯 yǐmǎo · 1975 · 2035

Wood is the Rabbit’s own fixed element, so the Wood Rabbit is said to be the most Rabbit-like of all: clever, quick-witted and good at planning, and deeply attached to the people it loves. 2035 is a Wood Rabbit year, Wood doubled.

Friends and clashes

Rabbit compatibility

Zodiac compatibility isn’t a list of opinions. It’s geometry. Place the twelve animals around a circle, and the classic matches form fixed shapes: triangles of allies, pairs of secret friends, and opposites that clash. Here is the Rabbit’s position.

The Rabbit’s compatibility on the zodiac wheel The twelve animals around a circle. A green triangle joins Rabbit, Goat and Pig. A gold line joins Rabbit and Dog. A red line crosses the circle from Rabbit to Rooster, and a dashed grey line joins Rabbit and Dragon.
  • Best: Goat 羊 and Pig 猪The Three Harmonies (三合 sānhé), the green triangle. These three share a gentle, home-loving outlook and are traditionally the happiest pairing for friendship, business or marriage.
  • Secret friend: Dog 狗The Six Harmonies (六合 liùhé), the gold line. The loyal Dog gives the cautious Rabbit the security it craves.
  • Clash: Rooster 鸡The Six Conflicts (六冲 liùchōng), straight across the circle. The blunt, showy Rooster and the tactful, quiet Rabbit sit opposite each other on the wheel, west facing east.
  • Friction: Dragon 龙The Six Harms (六害 liùhài), the dashed line. The forceful Dragon can overwhelm the gentle Rabbit, a milder mismatch that needs patience on both sides.

See the other pairings from each side: the Goat, the Pig, the Dog and the Rooster.

Try the compatibility calculator

Beyond the horoscope

The Rabbit in Chinese culture

玉兔 The Jade Rabbit on the moon

yùtù. Chinese tradition sees a rabbit on the 月亮 (yuèliang, moon). The poet Qu Yuan’s Heavenly Questions already asks about the 顾菟 (gùtù) in the moon’s belly, though scholars debate whether he meant a hare or a toad. By the Han dynasty, tomb carvings show the moon hare pounding the elixir of immortality, and today it keeps the goddess Chang’e company on mooncake boxes every Mid-Autumn Festival.

兔儿爷 Beijing’s Lord Rabbit

tùryé. A clay figure with a rabbit’s head and a human body, dressed in armour or official robes. It is first recorded in late Ming Beijing, when families moulded clay rabbits for the Mid-Autumn moon offerings, and by the Qing it had become a favourite children’s toy. In 2014 it was added to China’s national list of intangible cultural heritage. See more of the city in our Beijing guide.

守株待兔 Waiting by the stump

shǒu zhū dài tù. In the Han Feizi, a farmer from the state of Song sees a hare run into a tree stump and break its neck. He drops his plough and waits by the stump for another, which never comes. It mocks waiting for luck instead of working, and it’s one of the best-known Chinese idioms. Read the full story of 守株待兔.

狡兔三窟 The wily hare’s three burrows

jiǎo tù sān kū. “A cunning hare has three burrows.” In the Strategies of the Warring States, the adviser Feng Xuan tells his lord that one refuge is never enough, then quietly prepares three for him. Today it means always keeping a plan B, a compliment or a jibe depending on the tone.

Born in the Year of the Rabbit

Famous people born in the Year of the Rabbit

Rabbits are traditionally the diplomats and artists of the zodiac, but this list has its share of record-breakers too. It even includes an uncle and nephew: Francis Ford Coppola and Nicolas Cage are both Rabbits.

  • Frank SinatraSinger and actor, United StatesBorn 12 Dec 1915 · Wood Rabbit
  • Francis Ford CoppolaFilm director, United StatesBorn 7 Apr 1939 · Earth Rabbit
  • StingMusician and songwriter, EnglandBorn 2 Oct 1951 · Metal Rabbit
  • Sammo Hung 洪金宝Actor, director and action choreographer, Hong KongBorn 7 Jan 1952 · Metal RabbitBorn 20 days before Chinese New Year 1952, so many lists get this one wrong
  • Jet Li 李连杰Martial artist and actor, born in BeijingBorn 26 Apr 1963 · Water Rabbit
  • Nicolas CageActor, United StatesBorn 7 Jan 1964 · Water RabbitBorn 37 days before Chinese New Year 1964, so many lists get this one wrong
  • David BeckhamFootballer, EnglandBorn 2 May 1975 · Wood Rabbit
  • Ding Junhui 丁俊晖Snooker player, JiangsuBorn 1 Apr 1987 · Fire Rabbit
  • Lionel MessiFootballer, ArgentinaBorn 24 Jun 1987 · Fire Rabbit

We checked each person’s full date of birth against the exact Chinese New Year date for that year, so January and early-February birthdays are placed correctly.

The year ahead

The Year of the Wood Rabbit, 2035

The Wood Rabbit year, 乙卯年 (yǐmǎo nián), runs from 8 February 2035 to 27 January 2036. Wood is the Rabbit’s own element, so tradition reads 2035 as a doubly gentle year: good for study, careful planning, friendship and making a home. For the festival itself, the fifteen days and the greetings, see our guide to the Spring Festival.

本命年

běnmìngnián, “your own zodiac year”. If you were born in a Rabbit year (2023, 2011, 1999, 1987, 1975…), 2035 is your 本命年. Tradition says it’s a year to be careful, so many people wear something red all year round, often red socks, a red string bracelet or red underwear, which shops sell in a rush before every New Year.

Say it out loud

Talk about your sign in Mandarin

Asking someone’s zodiac animal is one of the most natural small-talk questions in Chinese, and a polite way to guess an age without asking. Here is the whole conversation.

我属兔

wǒ shǔ tù

“I’m a Rabbit,” literally “I belong to the rabbit”.

你属什么?

nǐ shǔ shénme?

“What’s your zodiac sign?”

你也属兔吗?

nǐ yě shǔ tù ma?

“Are you a Rabbit too?”

今年是我的本命年。

jīnnián shì wǒ de běnmìngnián.

“This year is my zodiac year.”

Get it right

Common misunderstandings

  • “I was born on 10 February 1988, so I’m a Dragon.” Not quite: the Dragon year only began on 17 February 1988, so you’re a Fire Rabbit. Nicolas Cage, born 7 January 1964, is another Rabbit often listed as a Dragon. Check any date with the tool above.
  • “The Year of the Cat is a different year.” In Vietnam the Cat takes the Rabbit’s place, but it’s the same year and the same branch, 卯 (mǎo). One popular explanation is that the Vietnamese reading of 卯 sounds like mèo, “cat”, though nobody knows for certain.
  • “Rabbit and hare are two different signs.” There’s only one, 兔. Rabbit and hare are both translations of the same character.
  • Forgetting the dot. 兔 without its tail dot is 免 (miǎn), as in 免费 miǎnfèi, “free of charge”. One stroke turns a rabbit into a bargain.
Check yourself

Quick quiz

1. What does the dot at the lower right of 兔 traditionally stand for?

2. Which sign is the Rabbit’s Six Harmonies partner?

3. In the Vietnamese zodiac, which animal takes the Rabbit’s place?

Your questions

FAQs

Say “我属兔” like a native

The zodiac is one of the easiest conversations to start in Mandarin. Learn the words, the tones and the stories behind them in 1-on-1 online lessons with a native speaker.

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